Map
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia with Tigris–Euphrates river system, corresponding to modern-day Iraq to a north-eastern section of Ceria and extension to south-eastern Turkey and smaller parts of southwestern Iran. (religious people) (Traders) (Had lacked in war knowledge).
Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer (where the first development started) and the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires, all native to the territory of modern-day Iraq.
In the Iron Age, it was controlled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires. (Neo = young, developing)
Cities, Division of labour, dam, and religion, advanced and mature are points to start any civilization.
SUMER (3000-2300 B.C)
* It lies b/w present day Ceria & Iraq
* They ruled for approx. 1000 years and founders of city “Ur”
* Script- “Cuneiform”
* Believed in “polytheism” (many gods)
* Constructed “Ziggurat”
* Government System - Independent city states
* God’s Worshiped - “Abu” (sky god) and “Anu” (fertility)
Subject in art
* Ziggurats from “Ur” (pyramids)
* Votive Figures From Tel-Asmer
* Soundbox Of A Harp From Queen Puabi’s Tomb (wood) (inlay work)
AKKAD (2300-2200 B.C)
* Short Lived rule
* Located in the north of summer in the valley of river tigris
* Ruled whole of Mesopotamia and assimilated summerian culture
* Ruled by king Sargan and his successors
* Names of God’s Abu and Anu changed to Shamash and Ishtar
Subject in art
* Warrior Head (male figure) (beard) (pride) (terracotta and head gear of metal with chains)
* Gudea (Folded hands) (Small bottom) (inscriptions written)
* Stele of Naram Sin (on slate) (relief)
BABYLOMIA (c.1800 B.C)
* Old Babylomia (1800) and New Babylomia (1100) (King Hammurabi)
* Hummurabi – made rules, peace law and order, trade system revived, healthy and prospecious came back.
* Neo-Babylonian Empire (7th to 6th century BC) (Iron Age)
Subject in art
* Stele Of Hammurabi
* The Ishtar Gat
ASSYRIA (C.1700-612 B.C)
* Neo-Assyrian Empire (10th to 7th century BC) (Iron Age)
* Based to the north of Mesopotamia near upper river Tigris.
* Ambitious and Aggressive
* Dominated from Egypt to Persian Gulf
* After captured in 11th c by Babylonians, they regained their empire and continued with their art and religion.
Subject in art
* The Dying Lioness